![]() ![]() Hemivertebrae may also be associated with malformations in neural tissues such as spinal dysraphism or arachnoid cyst and with malformations of other organ systems ( 2). However, since the diagnosis of a clinical-CVA-related disorder in a young subject is challenging, a complete diagnostic work-up (for example, myelography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis) should be performed in any case ( 10). The degree of spinal curvature depends on the number of vertebrae involved and the degree of each vertebral deformity ( 8).Ĭlinically affected animals are usually less than 1 y of age and clinical signs are suggestive of transverse myelopathy affecting T3 through 元 segments of the spinal cord. However, they may be associated with moderate to severe angulation of the spine (scoliosis, kyphosis, or lordosis) and occasionally with narrowing of the spinal canal (particularly dorsal hemivertebrae) and instability of the involved segments producing spinal cord compression and intermittent trauma ( 2, 9). Most wedge-shaped vertebral deformities or hemivertebrae do not produce any clinical signs and are usually considered as incidental radiographic findings in dogs they are most often diagnosed in the screw-tail breeds, affecting the thoraco-lumbar spine ( 1, 6, 8). The term complex congenital vertebral anomalies has been used to denote the presence of several malformations occurring in an animal ( 7). These CVAs of the spinal column are not uncommon in dogs, but are seen less frequently in cats ( 4).Ī variety of malformations is reported within the condition of CVAs considering both alterations in the shape and number of the vertebrae (hemivertebrae, butterfly vertebra, atlanto-axial malformations, cervical spondylomyelopathy, spina bifida, transitional vertebrae, and block vertebrae) ( 1, 5, 6). Congenital vertebral anomalies (CVAs) may occur because of disturbances in embryonic development of the vertebrae including abnormal distribution of intersegmental arteries during the stage of resegmentation ( 1– 3). ![]()
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